The Flint Water Crisis: Creating Continuity in Chaos
The Flint water crisis is now in the fourth year as slowly but surely, old, lead-laden water lines are replaced across the city. Looking back to April 2014 when the city switched from the city of Detroit’s water system to using water from the Flint River, it’s easy to see how circumstances and decisions conspired to create the disaster. Back then, though, no one saw it coming until it was too late. That’s what they call a “black swan” event.








